我国奥运优势项目时空演变发展特征研究

Characteristics of the Temporal and Spatial Distribution of China's Superiority Olympic Events

利用文献资料法、数理统计法与比较研究法等,对我国所参加的历届夏季奥运会与冬季奥运会所获金牌数量、金牌运动员籍贯以及金牌项目的时空分布特征进行研究。结果表明:我国奥运会金牌总数在时间分布上呈现波浪式前进态势;我国奥运优势项目主要分布在体能主导类的快速力量性,技能主导类的表现难美性、表现准确性、隔网对抗性四大亚项群的举重、体操与跳水、射击、乒乓球与羽毛球六个项目;奥运优势项目的金牌贡献率达到74.61%,其区域分布呈现不均衡性,在纬度上主要存在质性差异,在经度上存在数量差异性;奥运优势项目分布呈现强、较强与弱三大区域。建议深化优先发展战略,抓住国家区域协调发展机遇,促进竞技体育区域协调发展,做好奥运优势项目的均匀性分布与发展,拓宽发展路径,全面提升我国奥运项目整体竞技实力。

In the present project,we looked at the number of gold medals that China has won at the Olympic Summer and Winter Games,the places of origin of the gold medalists,and the characteristics of the temporal and spatial distribution of the gold-winning sports events. Temporally,we found a wave-like upward pattern in the number of gold medals,and that superiority events are mainly distributed among six events,i. e.,weightlifting,gymnastics diving,shooting,table tennis and badminton,in four major subgroups of events： the speed-and-power-demanding,the difficulty-and-beauty-demanding,the accuracy-demanding,and the net events,the first subgroup being based on fitness and the latter three on skill. The superiority Olympic events have contributed 74. 6% of all gold medals won by China at the Olympic Games,with an uneven regional distribution,showing a difference in quality longitudinally and one in quantity latitudinally. These events are distributed over three regions,which are rated as strong,fairly strong and weak respectively. For the comprehensive upgrade of China＇s competitiveness in the Olympic events,we suggest deepening the priority development strategy,seizing the opportunity for national coordinated regional development topromote coordinated regional development of competitive sports,working for an even distribution and development of the superiority Olympic events,and broadening development paths.