突破还是保守:评我国适应气候变化的法律框架

China＇ s Legal Framework on Climate Change Adaptation ：Big Progress？

外部的国际因素和内部的国内需要共同塑造了中国在适应气候变化方面的决策和发展。在国际层面,中国积极参与国际气候变化谈判,努力申请国际适应基金,这极大地影响了中国国内适应政策的焦点和制度安排。在国内层面,因为气候变化的脆弱性而导致的经济和社会损失促使中国政府发展适应气候变化方面的政策、法律和管理框架。通过对该框架的分析,本文研究发现,首先,中国适应气候变化的策略开始从短暂的、灵活的政策导向向较为长远的、制度化的法律导向转变;其次,地方政府特别是省级地方政府开始承担相应的适应气候变化的责任;再次,适应性问题正逐渐引起政府的注意;最后,一些私人部门和公众开始逐渐参与到适应气候变化问题当中。这些进展都表明中国政府吸收了很多先进的适应理论和经验,但是对该框架的进一步分析则揭示出中国对适应性问题的应对深深地植根于中国在处理经济发展和环境保护的关系时所形成的思维、路径和方法。

Both international and domestic dimensions stimulate Chinese government＇s efforts on climate change adaptation. China has been positively participating in international climate change negotiation. The application and access to international adaptation fund has, to a large extent, shapes the focus and institutional arrangement of China＇s domestic adaptation work. At the domestic level, the economic and social loss due to climate change vulnerability drives Chinese government to develop appropriate adaptation policy, law and institutional framework. This piece of research finds that China＇s adaptation strategy has started the transition from flexible but uncertain policy to institutionalized regulation. Furthermore, local government, especially those at the provincial level assumes certain responsibilities on climate change adaptation. Another finding is that some private department and public begin to take an active role in adapting to climate change. Yet, in-depth analysis of these progress shows that China＇s responses to adaptation are largely depending on the ideology, path and methodology formed in the process of coordinating economic development and environmental protection.