中国铁路运输效率研究——基于网络DEA-RAM模型的视角

Research on the efficiency of China's rail transport——A range adjusted measure of network DEA perspective

为研究我国铁路运输效率现状并为其提高效率提供理论指导，针对现有铁路运输效率分析未充分考虑投入产出松弛性和非期望产出对效率的影响，构建铁路运输效率评价指标体系，将铁路运输过程拆分为铁路客运服务过程、货运服务过程及运输经营过程，提出了一类网络 DEA 测度模型。测算2003～2012年中国铁路运输网络效率及各子过程的技术效率。结果表明：我国铁路运输系统的客运和货运服务子过程的效率总体上较理想，但是运输经营子过程效率偏低，影响了铁路运输的整体网络效率。相比传统的 DEA 模型，网络 DEA 模型可以更好地确定铁路运输无效率的源头，为铁路部门决策者制定相关的改进措施提供了理论依据。

In order to investigate the current situation of efficiency for rail transport,and provide a theoretical guidance in improving efficiency,a class of network data envelopment analysis model was constructed through re-viewing relative undesirable outputs of existing literatures and comparing their advantages and shortcomings.In this model,rail transport system was divided into passenger service process,freight service process and freight business process.Then it measures the network efficiency ,technical efficiency of each sub -process for China＇s railway transport from 2003 to 2012.The results show that the efficiency of transport service process is satisfacto-ry,but the efficiency of freight business process is lower,which affects the network efficiency of rail transport to some extent.Comparing with traditional DEA model,the new model is more practical because it determines the source of the inefficiency of railway transport well,which proposes theoretical basis and strategies for improving operational performance.