县域生态用地景观格局与空间邻接特征分析

Analysis of Ecological Land Landscape Pattern at Country Scale and Spatial Neighboring Characteristics

基于地理国情普查数据,采用景观格局指数、景观空间邻接特征指数以及生态安全评价法,以广东省佛山市高明区为例,分析了县域生态用地的景观格局与空间邻接特征,探究生态用地受农业开垦、开发建设活动的胁迫程度。研究结果表明,高明区"山水"城市特征明显,林地景观较为集中,而水域和草地形状较不规则且分布散乱;荷城街道景观多样性最大而均匀度和优势度则较小;更合镇林地优势度最大;林地与耕地、开发建设用地的空间邻接关系最为明显,草地、园地与开发建设用地的邻接关系强于耕地,水域与荒地邻接关系较不明显,林地,草地和园地受耕地或开发建设用地的影响程度远大于荒地和水域,人类的开发建设活动对生态用地的威胁程度远大于农业开垦活动。

Based on geographical conditions census data, taking Foshan Gaoming District Guangdong Province for example, using landscape pattern index, spatial neighboring characteristics index and ecological security evaluation method, this paper analyzed landscape pattern and spatial neighboring characteristics among ecological land at country scale. The results show that: firstly, as obvious 'landscape city' characteristics, the forest landscape is relatively concentrated, and water and grass is irregular and scattered. Besides, Hecheng Street has the largest landscape diversity as well as smaller evenness and dominance, opposite to Genghe Town. Thirdly, the spatial neighboring characteristics between forest land and cultivated land or construction land is most obvious however the water & wastes land are on the contrary. The adjacency relationship between grassland or garden plot and construction land is stronger than the cultivated land. Fourthly, the influence on forest land and grassland and garden plot from construction land or cultivated land are stronger than wasteland and waters. Last but not least, the threat of human construction activities on the ecological land is larger than agricultural reclamation activities. The assessment of ecological security based on spatial analysis could reveal the landscape pattern and threatening degree of ecological land at country scale by human activities.