四种脱钙液对骨和骨髓组织及结构影响的比较

Effects of four decalcifying solutions on pathological structure of bone and bone marrow tissues

背景:由于骨和骨髓组织结构非常特殊,在常规的病理制片过程中,要同时显示坚韧质硬的骨组织和含有多种幼稚娇嫩造血细胞的骨髓组织是非常困难的。目的:选择一种既能完全除去骨组织中的钙质,又能保护骨髓组织及细胞结构不受破坏的最佳脱钙液。方法:将含骨髓组织的犬长骨组织随机分4组,同等条件下,14%硝酸甲醛生理盐水溶液;14%硝酸水溶液;20%甲盐酸甲醛生理盐水溶液和20%甲盐酸水溶液4种不同脱钙液脱钙,记录脱钙时间,常规脱水、切片、苏木精-伊红染色,镜下观察,对比4种脱钙液对骨和骨髓组织常规病理切片质量和其苏木精-伊红染色效果。结果与结论:14%硝酸甲醛生理盐水溶液组脱钙能力最强,脱钙最均匀,耗时最短,既能有效完全除去骨皮质中的钙质,又能保护骨髓组织及细胞的形态完好,切片质量和苏木精-伊红染色的效果最佳;14%硝酸水溶液组脱钙液,使骨组织疏松发泡,组织变黄,对组织的损伤大,脱钙不均匀,组织切片不完整,制片质量和苏木精-伊红染色的效果最差;20%甲盐酸甲醛生理盐水溶液组对组织的脱钙能力、损伤程度、制片质量和苏木精-伊红染色效果都比14%硝酸甲醛生理盐水溶液组稍差;20%甲盐酸水溶液组对骨和骨髓组织的损伤小,脱钙效果好,切片质量和苏木精-伊红染色的效果佳,介于20%甲盐酸甲醛生理盐水溶液组和14%硝酸水溶液组之间。结果表明,4种脱钙液对骨和骨髓组织都具有良好的脱钙能力,制片质量及苏木精-伊红染色效果比较,14%硝酸甲醛生理盐水溶液>20%甲盐酸甲醛生理盐水溶液>20%甲盐酸水溶液>14%硝酸水溶液;14%硝酸甲醛生理盐水溶液最适用于临床常规病理制片中骨和骨髓组织的脱钙。

BACKGROUND;As the bone and marrow tissue have very special structure,it is difficult to simultaneously display the bone with tough hard tissue and bone marrow tissues containing various immature hematopoietic cells in the conventional process of pathological section preparation.OBJECTIVE;To choose the best decalcifying solution that cannot only completely remove the calcium in the bone tissue but also protect the structure of bone marrow tissues and cells from damage.METHODS;Bone marrow tissues from the long bone of dogs were randomly divided into four groups.Under the same conditions,the bone marrow tissues were decalcified with 14% formaldehyde saline solution of nitric acid（group A）,14% nitric acid solution（group B）,20% A saline solution of hydrochloric acid formaldehyde（group C） and 20% A hydrochloric acid aqueous solution（group D）.Decalcified time was recorded,followed by routinedehydration,section,hematoxylin-eosin staining and microscopic observation.Pathological section quality and hematoxylin-eosin staining were compared among the four groups.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION;Group A had the best sections and hematoxylin-eosin staining,strongest decalcified ability,shortest decalcified time and minimum damage to the bone marrow.Group B had the worst results of section and hematoxylin-eosin staining,in which,the bone tissues were loose and became yellow and the bone marrow tissue were damaged greatly,and the decalcified effect was worse.Group C was worse than group A in decalcified ability,damage degree,section quality and hematoxylin-eosin staining results.Group D also had a better result of section and hematoxylin-eosin staining as well as exhibited uniform decalcification effect and less damage to the bone marrow,which was ranked between group B and group C.All the four kinds of decalcifying solutions have a good decalcification ability,but the section quality and hematoxylin-eosin staining results rank as follows;Group A〉 Group C〉 Group D 〉Group B.Taken together,14% formaldehyde saline solution of nitric acid is ideal for the clinical preparation of pathological sections.