大客车空调压缩机悬置机构优化仿真

Simulation and Optimization of a Suspension Mechanism of Bus's Air-conditioning Compressors

改进大客车常用曲轴连杆式空调压缩机悬置机构,基于与汽车动力总成悬置系统的相似性,考虑发动机振动和带传动对压缩机振动影响,建立压缩机总成—发动机集总参数模型。以系统能量解耦率为优化目标,系统固有频率和悬置刚度约束作为约束条件,悬置的三向刚度值为设计变量进行优化设计。基于ADAMS建立压缩机总成—发动机动力学模型,仿真结果表明悬置机构改进后压缩机振动减弱,优化后悬置支反力、压缩机质心纵向位移和绕转动轴角加速度明显下降,证明改进悬置机构和优化方法对压缩机隔振的可行性和有效性。

Crankshaft-link type suspension mechanism is commonly used in air-conditioning compressors of improved buses. In this paper, based on the similarity of the automotive powertrain mounting system, a compressor-assembly and engine-lumped parameter model was built to study the engine and belt vibrations. Taking the system energy decoupling rate as the optimization target, the system natural frequency and suspension stiffness as the constraint condition, and the stiffness values in the three special directions as the design variables, optimal design of the suspension mechanism was done. The compressor-assembly and engine-lumped dynamic model was established by means of ADAMS code. Results of simulation show that the vibration of the compressor suspension mechanism is reduced after the improvement. The suspension reaction forces, longitudinal displacement of the mass centroid axis of the compressor, and the angular acceleration about the vertical axis are effectively decreased. The results have proved the feasibility and effectiveness of the optimized model in compressor’s vibration isolation.