从“生儿子”到“生个伴”——农村富人的二胎生育实践

From Bearing A Son to bearing A Child as Companion: A New Practice of the Second Child Fertility of the Rural Rich

农村地区一直被贴上男性偏好严重的标签,本文基于湘西北杨村的田野调查指出当下的农民多生现象并非追求生育男孩,而是在现代风险社会下进行的适应性调整。在现代生育观念占主导的村庄,出现二胎生育的回升,且生育主体是村庄经济精英。从数量上看,类似于传统生育行为的复归,实质上它的内涵已然发生变化,二胎生育并非追求"生儿子",而是在经济状况允许的条件下"生个伴",从而满足二孩意愿、防范失独风险和建立旁系支持。

Rural areas have been labeled with strong son-priority while the field survey in Yang village in the northwestern of Hunan province shows that the couples in the rural are not pursuing son-priority fertility and they have adjusted their reproductive behavior under the background of modern risk society. In the village with more modern childbearing consciousness, second birth rate rebound among the economic elites which seemingly to be the recovery of traditional reproductive behavior, but actually not. In fact, people are not pursuing fertility for a son, instead, they pursuing for another child as companion to prevent the risk of loss of only-one child and to construct a collateral support.