城市残存鼠生态特征——Ⅱ.城市残存鼠种群生态位的研究

The Ecological Character of Remnant Rodents in Urban Ⅱ. Study on the Population Niche of the Urban Remnant Rodent.

本文用物种生态位宽度及每一对物种之间的生态位重叠值,分析城市中不同建筑物住宅以及住宅、工厂企业、宾馆等不同环境点的残存鼠,在空间与时间资源上的利用和分摊方式。结果观察到:不同住宅建筑物残存鼠的空间生态位宽度较大,重叠值亦较高;而在住宅及宾馆等不同环境点的残存鼠空间生态位宽度及重叠值均较低。据18个月调查,残存鼠时间生态位宽度均较大;而住宅及工厂企业等不同环境点的鼠类时间生态位重叠值均较低。由于残存鼠在不同生态位维度上对资源的分摊与利用存在着差异,从而使三种鼠(小家鼠、黄胸鼠和褐家鼠)在城市生态系统中,形成了一定的共存局面。

The utilization and allocation ways of space and time resources of remnant rodent in the various building style dwelling house as well as the different inside environment of dwelling house, factorty, enterprise and hotel are analysised by use of the niche breadth and the niche overlapping value. The investigating result shows that the niche breadth of the remnant rodent in dwelling building is large and the overlapping value is also high, but the niche breadth and overlapping value of the various environment points are both low. The time niches of the remnant rodent investigated during 18 months are all large, however, the time niches of the rodent in various environment points of the dwelling building and the factory, enterprise are all low. Three species rodents (Mus musculus, Rattus flavipectus, R. norvegicus)coexist in urban ecology system because of the resource utilization and allocation difference of the remnant rodent in different niche dimension.