论杜威的知识德育与直接道德教学思想

On the Intellectual Moral Education and Direct Moral Teaching of Dewey

生活教育论和生活德育论的鼻祖杜威,理所当然地要对知识德育和直接道德教学进行批判.但他并未走向极端,而是探讨了知识德育实效差的原因：知识德育基于错误的伦理学理论.他认为,如果把伦理学当作是对现实人际关系和社会关系等的研究,那么这种伦理学是可以在中学进行直接教学的.道德知识有两种：本体性道德知识和条件性道德知识.他比较详细地阐述了两种道德知识的直接教学方法.

Dewey,the originator of life education theory and life moral education theory,justifiably criticized intellectual moral education and direct moral teaching.However,he didn't go to extremes,but probed into the cause of why intellectual moral education lacks effectiveness,which is the wrong ethical theoretical foundation.Dewey held that,if ethics is the research on realistic interpersonal relationships and social relationships,this kind of ethics can be taught directly in high school.There are two kinds of moral knowledge:one is ontological moral knowledge,the other is conditional moral knowledge.Dewey expounded the teaching methods about the two kinds of moral knowledge.