探析不同炮制方法对麻黄主要功效影响的机理

Exploration on Influencing Mechanism of Different Processing Methods on Main Functions of Ma Huang

目的:探索不同炮制方法对麻黄发汗与平喘药效的影响。方法:制备生麻黄、清炒麻黄及蜜炙麻黄供试液,并制备生物碱、挥发油、醇溶性及水溶性部位。以大鼠为研究对象进行足跖汗液分泌着色实验,比较炮制对麻黄发汗作用的影响,以豚鼠为研究对象进行喷雾致喘实验,比较炮制对麻黄平喘作用的影响。结果:生麻黄、清炒麻黄、蜜炙麻黄的发汗作用由强至弱;挥发油部位、醇提部位、水提部位、生物碱部位的发汗作用由强至弱;生麻黄的挥发油部位的发汗作用最强。蜜炙麻黄、生麻黄和清炒麻黄的平喘作用由强至弱;生物碱部位、挥发油部位、醇提部位、水提部位的平喘作用由强至弱,蜜炙麻黄的生物碱部位的平喘作用最强。结论:炮制降低了麻黄的发汗作用,增强了平喘的效果,还应深入探讨麻黄发汗及平喘的量效关系及作用机制。

Objective： To survey the influence of different processing methods on perspiration and relieving asthma of Ma Huang（Ephedra sinica Stapf）. Methods： Probational liquids of raw Ma Huang, fried Ma Huang and fried Ma Huang with honey were prepared, alkaloid, volatile oil, alcohol soluble and water soluble reigons were established.Rat was performed with plantar sweating secretion tinting experiments to compare the effects of the processing methods on perspiration of Ma Huang, guinea pigs were studied in spray inducing asthma experiment to compare the effects of processing on relieving asthma of Ma Huang. Results： The order of the perspiration was raw Ma Huangfried Ma Huangfried Ma Huang with honey; the perspiration in the order was volatile oil regionalcohol extraction regionwater extraction regionalkaloid region; the perspiration of raw Ma Huang volatile oil region showed the strongest. The function of relieving asthma was in the order： fried Ma Huang with honeyraw Ma Huangfried Ma Huang; the function of relieving asthma was in the order： alkaloid regionvolatile oil regionalcohol extraction region water extraction region, alkaloid region of fried Ma Huang with honey showed the strongest function of relieving asthma. Conclusion： Processing could decrease the perspiration of Ma Huang, increase the effects of relieving asthma,dose-effects relationship of perspiration and relieving asthma of Ma Huang and its mechanism should be further explored.