医院药物不良反应分析

Analysis of adverse drug reactions

目的 了解医院药物不良反应（ADR）发生的特点及规律,为临床安全、合理用药提供参考.方法 采用回顾性研究方法,对山东省寿光市人民医院2014年1月1日至2014年12月15日上报至国家不良反应监测中心的342例ADR报告,从患者性别、年龄、ADR发生时间、给药途径、药品种类、ADR累计器官或系统及临床表现、报告人职业等方面进行统计分析.结果 342例ADR报告中,男162例,女180例,多发生于60岁以上人群,占31.6％ （108/342）.静脉给药是引发ADR的重要途径,占90.6％ （310/342）.抗感染类药物引起的ADR发生率最高,占36.8％（126/342）,其中青霉素类、头孢菌素类、喹诺酮类分别占37.3％（47/126）、31.0％ （39/126）、16.7％ （21/126）.ADR临床表现以皮肤及其附件损害、消化系统损害为主,分别占39.8％ （141/354）、16.4％ （58/354）.结论 ADR的发生与多种因素有关,老年人群、抗感染类药物、静脉给药方式等是ADR监测的重点,医院应加强ADR的监测与上报工作,确保临床安全、合理用药。

Objective To study the characteristics and regularity of adverse drug reactions （ADR）.Methods ADR reports of 342 cases from January 1 to December 15 in 2014 were retrospectively analyzed, including gender, age, onset time of ADR, route of administration, drug categories, organs or systems involved in ADR and clinical manifestations, occupation of the reporter, etc.Results In the 342 ADR cases, 162 were male and 180 were female;the proportion of patients 〉 60 years was the highest [31.6% （108/342）];intravenous administration was an important way regarding inducing ADR [90.6% （310/342）].The ADR was mostly induced by anti-infective drugs [36.8% （126/342）] and penicillins, cephalosporins, quinolones accounted for 37.3% （47/126）, 31.0% （39/126）, 16.7% （21/126）, respectively.The main clinical manifestations included lesions of skin and its appendages [39.8% （141/354）] and digestive system damage [16.4% （58/354）].Conclusion ADR is related with a variety of factors, including age, anti-infective drug and intravenous administration;ADR monitoring and reporting work should be strengthened to ensure the safe and rational use of drugs.