西周的“天德”观及其伦理影响

“Morality of Heaven”and Its Ethic Influence in the Western Zhou Dynasty

以周公旦为代表的西周统治者,在总结夏商覆灭的经验教训基础上,将夏商以来的"天命"观,变革为"天德"观。西周创立的"天德"观,其基本内涵有:天赋王命、德乃天立、唯德是辅、敬德保民、以德施政、以德配天。西周的"天德"观,对后来中国传统思想和社会发展产生了巨大的伦理影响,而这种影响的形成,主要是由于以孔孟为代表的儒家在继承发扬西周"天德"观的基础上,发展出了积极有为的"天命"观、天人合德的"天德"观、德主刑辅的"德治"观、民为邦本的"民本"观和修身养性的"修德"观。

The governor of Western Zhou dynasty represented by Chou-Kung,reform ＂destiny of heaven＂to ＂morality of heaven＂on the base of summarizing experience and lessons of former destruction.＂Morality of heaven＂＇s fundamental connotation included Heaven-given power,Heaven-constructed morality,Benevolent-blessed by Heaven,advocating morality and protecting people,administering and venerating with morality,which was founded by Western Zhou.Chinese traditional thought and social development effected by this concept in ethical aspects.This influence profited from the promotion of＂morality of heaven＂by Confucius-Mencius Confucian,and developed concepts of promising＂destiny of heaven＂,heaven-man unification ＂morality of heaven＂,virtue-major＂moral governing＂,people-oriented＂democratic governing＂and self-cultivation＂cultivating morality＂.