防旋髓内钉与动力髋螺钉置入修复老年股骨转子间骨折:髋关节功能评价

Proximal femoral nail anti-rotation and dynamic hip screw for treating intertrochanteric fractures in the aged patients: hip function

背景:现在国内外对于老年股骨转子间骨折患者,仍主张早期行骨折内固定治疗,可以明显减少并发症和病死率。常用的内固定系统有股骨近端防旋髓内钉和动力髋螺钉,两者的对比研究为当前的研究热点。目的:评价股骨近端防旋髓内钉与动力髋螺钉置入内固定修复老年股骨转子间骨折后的髋关节功能及稳定性。方法:纳入64例老年股骨转子间骨折患者,根据内固定方案分为两组,其中动力髋螺钉组30例,股骨近端防旋髓内钉组34例。通过X射线正、侧位片评估骨折复位及愈合情况,对比分析两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、并发症发生率、骨折愈合时间及治疗后髋关节功能状况(根据Sander’s评分系统评价)。结果与结论:与动力髋螺钉组相比,股骨近端防旋髓内钉组在手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、不稳定型股骨转子间骨折(Tronzo-EvansⅢ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ型)的治疗后并发症发生率等方面具有优势,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后髋关节功能均恢复较好、稳定型股骨转子间骨折(Tronzo-EvansⅠ、Ⅱ型)的并发症发生率均较低,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。提示修复老年股骨转子间骨折,选择股骨近端防旋髓内钉的固定效果优于动力髋螺钉,髋关节功能恢复更好,且具有生物力学上的稳定性,尤其适合不稳定型骨折。

BACKGROUND： Internal fixation is commonly used in an early stage of intertrochanteric fractures of the aged worldwide, and can apparently reduce complications and fatality rate. The commonly used internal fixators contain proximal femoral nail anti-rotation and dynamic hip screw, whose comparison is current research hotspot.OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the hip function and stability after internal fixation with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation and dynamic hip screw in repair of intertrochanteric fractures of the aged. METHODS： A total of 64 aged patients with intertrochanteric fractures were enrolled in this study, and assigned to dynamic hip screw group（n=30） and proximal femoral nail anti-rotation group（n=34）. The fracture reduction and healing were evaluated using anterioposterior and lateral X-ray films. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, complication rate, healing time and postoperative hip function were compared and analyzed between the two groups, and then assessed in accordance with Sander＇s scoring system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Compared with dynamic hip screw group, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, healing time and complication rate after treating unstable intertrochanteric fracture（Tronzo-Evans III, IV and V types） showed significant advantages in the proximal femoral nail anti-rotation group（P〈0.05）. Hip function restored better, and the complication rate of stable intertrochanteric fracture（Tronzo-Evans I and II types） was lower after treatment in both groups（P〉0.05）. These data show that the effects of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation were better than that of dynamic hip screw for treatment of intertrochanteric fractures, and hip function recovered better. Moreover, proximal femoral nail anti-rotation had biomechanical stability, especially for unstable fracture.