汉语关系化的认知研究

A cognitive account of constraints on relativization in Chinese

关系化中的移位限制在生成语法中一直未能得到满意的解释。信息结构理论认为,提取难度对应于构式的背景化程度或认知激活程度。本文基于该理论对汉语论元关系化现象进行了研究,发现汉语复杂名词短语、主语从句、左分支结构、附加语从句等构式中成分的提取难易程度都与这些构式的背景化程度或激活状态有关;汉语句子成分关系化等级也与信息结构特征有关。信息结构理论为英汉语中的论元关系化结构限制提供了统一的解释。

Constraints on relativization have not been well explored in generative linguistics. They are assumed to be related to the information structural properties of the constructions involved in light of cognitive linguistics. That is,'backgrounded constructions are islands.'This paper studies constraints on argument relatives in Chinese from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. It is found that in relativization extractions of arguments from complex noun phrases, subject clauses, genitive constructions, and adjunct clauses are largely determined by the backgroundedness of these constructions. Besides, the relativization of Chinese sentence components observes Noun Accessibility Hierarchy, another property of the sentences′ information structure. Generally speaking, cognitive linguistics explains Chinese and English relativization in a more unified way.