明清时期太湖东村的兴起及其村落形态

THE ORIGIN AND MORPHOLOGY OF DONGCUN VILLAGE OF SUZHOU IN THE MING AND QING DYNASTIES

东村是太湖西山岛上的古村,凝聚了丰富的经济、文化和军事等方面的信息。本文在田野调查的基础上结合文献,对明清以来东村的兴起和村落形态进行了研究。东村兴起与洞庭商帮及太湖航运的发展有密切联系,其村落的形态既有基于风水的考量,又有因应现实环境的功能,为防御匪患,东村的街巷结构和建筑共同形成了防御体系,也具有独特的村落环境。这些都使其成为研究江南传统村落的重要标本。

Dongcun Village is the ancient village of Xishan island on Taihu. It embodied the rich information on economic, cultural and military. This paper studies the rising village morphology since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, on the basis of field investigation and combined with literature. The rising of Dongcun is closely linked with the business group and the development of Taihu shipping. The morphology of the village is not only based on the consideration of Feng Shui, but also had the function reflecting real environment. In order to defense the banditry, the street structure and architecture of Dongcun village together formed the defense system,which also had unique village environment. All these makes it an important specimen to study the traditional villages in the south of Yangtze River.