国内信用证结算中运输单据物权属性缺失问题

The Absence of the Property Right Nature of Shipping Documents in LC Settlement in China

运输单据是国内信用证结算中主要的法定货物单据,但其本身并不是代表货物所有权的凭证,亦即不具备物权性质。信用证这一尴尬的属性在某种程度上破坏了其自身的安全性,降低了效率,削弱了其融资的功能。对此,可以利用"指示交付"方式,通过买卖合同条款的适当约定,实现对运单的特定化和物权化。同时,以信用证条款为依托,以运输合同为基础,以开证承诺书为根据,做好配套制度设计,细化并确认多方参与主体应享有的权利和承担的义务,在国内信用证结算活动中,实现只要控制了运单即享有在运货物物权的制度目标,进而促使银行、买卖双方及承运人证既互为依托,又相互牵制,最终强化国内信用证结算的价值应用,促进国内货物贸易的发展和繁荣。

Shipping documents are the critical legal documents of cargo in domestic LC settlement;but shipping documents themselves can not represent the ownership of cargo,and they have not the nature of property right. To a certain extent,the embarrassing nature of LC ruins the safety of that,reduce the efficiency,and weaken its function of financing. We can realize the specialty and nature of property right with the help of＂indication delivery＂and the agreement on contract. At the same time,taking the terms of LC as the support and the contract of transportation as the basis,and according to the commitment in LC issuing,we should do a better job in the design of supporting system,detail and confirm the right and responsibility of related main bodies,and realize the institutional target that the control of shipping documents means the ownership of cargo to finally promote the development and boom of our domestic cargo transaction.