婴儿营养性缺铁性贫血的影响因素分析和防治措施探析

Status,Influencing Factors and Prevention Measures of the Nutritional Iron-deficiency Anemia

目的了解6-12月龄婴儿营养性缺铁性贫血状况,探讨引起患病的影响因素,寻求降低患病率的有效方法,以便有针对性地开展防治工作。方法对2013年3月-2014年2月在某医院儿保门诊进行规范化健康体检的622例6-12月龄婴儿家长进行问卷调查及婴儿血常规检查,并进行统计分析,以血红蛋白<110g/L作为贫血诊断标准,计算贫血患病率,并寻找病因及影响因素。结果营养性缺铁性贫血婴儿占39.2%,病因及影响因素包括母孕期情况、辅食添加情况、婴儿患病情况、家长是否接受健康教育等,母孕期贫血及婴儿辅食添加不及时和不合理为最主要原因。结论营养性缺铁性贫血在6-12月龄婴儿发病率高,母孕期贫血、辅食添加不当为其最主要原因,应加强母亲孕期的保健措施,减少孕期贫血的发生率;对婴儿科学正确的喂养方法进行指导和定期的健康检查,针对婴儿家长进行贫血健康教育,大力提倡母乳喂养,减少疾病发生率等,这是降低贫血发生的关键措施,儿科工作者更要认真做好宣教工作。

Objectives To investigate the status of nutritional iron-deficiency anemia among 6-12 months old in-fants,and to probe the influencing factors that induce the illness,and then to seek an effective way to reduce the morbidity.Methods 622 infants aged 6-12 months old who received standardized physical examination and blood routine examination in the child care outpatient sector of our hospital between March 2013 and February 2014 were surveyed by questionnaire.The statistic analysis was conducted,with HGB〈1 10 g/L as the diagnosis criterion of a-nemia,to calculate the morbidity of anemia and to find out the pathogeny and influencing factors.Results The mor-bidity of nutritional iron-deficiency anemia was 39.2%.The cause and the influencing factors of the disease included the pregnancy status,additional food supplement,illness status,health education of their parents,and so on.The anemia during pregnancy,and non-timely and irrational food supplement were the paramount causes.Conclusions The morbidity of nutritional iron-deficiency anemia is high among 6-12 months old infants,which was mainly caused by the anemia during pregnancy and inappropriate food supplement.The healthcare during mother pregnancy should be enhanced to reduce the incidence of anemia during pregnancy.The crucial measures for reducing the morbidity of anemia also include the guidance of right child feeding,regular physical examination,the anemia-related health edu-cation targeted to the parents,breast-feeding advocation and so on.Propaganda and education should also be serious-ly carried out by pediatricians.