儿童肘关节不典型损伤的X线诊断

X-ray diagnosis of atypical injuries of elbow joint in children

目的探讨儿童肘关节不典型损伤的X线表现,旨在提高其诊断率。方法回顾性分析132例儿童肘关节外伤的X线平片,结合复习文献,分析儿童肘关节不典型损伤X线特点。结果本组132例,其中肱骨远端髁上轻微青枝骨折18例,尺骨鹰嘴青枝骨折16例,肱骨小头骨骺损伤27例,滑车骨骺损伤5例,内上髁骨骺损伤5例,外上髁骨骺损伤6例,尺骨鹰嘴骨骺损伤7例,仅有软组织肿胀未见明确骨骼异常28例,单纯桡骨小头半脱位20例,均有软组织肿胀、关节前后脂肪垫阳性征。结论认识儿童肘关节损伤间接征象,充分认识儿童肘关节结构特点,对提高儿童肘关节外伤X线诊断具有重要临床意义。

Objective To investigate the X-ray manifestations of the atypical injuries of elbow joint in chil-dren, and to improve the diagnostic rate. Methods The X-ray plain films of 132 children with elbow joint trauma were retrospectively analyzed, and the X-ray features of the atypical injuries of elbow joint were discussed. Results Among the 132 cases, there were 18 cases of the distal humeral condyle slight greenstick fracture, 16 cases of olecranon green-stick fracture, 27 cases of capitulum humeral epiphysis injury, 5 cases of trochlear epiphysis injury, 5 cases of condyle epiphysis injury, 6 cases of external condyle epiphysis injury, 7 cases of olecranon epiphysis injury, 28 cases of soft tis-sue swelling without clear skeletal abnormalities, 20 cases of simple radial head subluxation. All the patients showed soft tissue swelling, joint before and after fat pad positive sign. Conclusion The indirect signs of elbow joint injury and the structural features of children elbow are of important clinical significance for improving X-ray diagnosis of el-bow trauma in children.