儿童斑秃304例临床回顾性分析

A clinical analysis of 304 cases with alopecia areata in children

目的分析北京儿童医院皮肤科门诊304例斑秃患儿的疾病特点。方法以304例儿童斑秃患者为研究对象,对其临床特点、实验室检查进行回顾性分析和研究。结果男女之比为1.3：1;发病年龄为（4.13±3.36）岁。39.8%的患儿就诊年龄集中在3~7岁学龄前期;重症斑秃占61.8%,其发病年龄为（3.50±3.24）岁,轻症斑秃发病年龄（5.15±3.32）岁;29%患儿春季发病;26.8%患儿并发甲改变,以点状凹陷最常见;13.82%的患儿并发过敏性疾病;98例患儿（64.1%）微量元素监测异常,以血锌、血铁降低为主;外周血CD8＋T淋巴细胞下降为主。结论儿童斑秃各年龄段均可发病,以学龄前期为著。发病年龄越小,脱发程度越重,病程越长。过敏性疾病及引起过敏的相关因素在斑秃患儿中不容忽视。

Objective To investigate clinical and laboratory tests features of 304 pediatric patients with alopecia areata in Beijing Children＇s Hospital. Methods The retrospective study included 304 pediatric patients with alopecia areata in Beijing Children＇s hospital from 2010 to 2014. Data about the clinical characteristics were analyzed. Results The male to female ratio was 1.3：1. The peak age of the first visit was three to seven years old. The mean age of onset was 3.98±3.06 years. The percentage of severe alopecia areata is 61.8%,and the mean age of severe alopecia areata and mild alopecia arata was 3.50±3.24 years and 5.15±3.32 years respectively. The most common season of the onset of the disease is spring（29%）. 26.8% cases with nail involvement,of which pitted nail was seen in 29 children（10%）. 13.82% of the patients with allergic diseases. 98/153（64.1%） of the patients with abnormal of trace elements in peripheral blood,and the reduction of zinc and iron were the most common. CD8＋T decreased in 23 cases（12.9%）. Conclusion The peak age of the disease onset was pre-school age. The younger age of onset means the more severe of hair loss and a longer course of the disease. Allergic factors can not be ignored in children with alopecia areata.