“以意逆志”与凌濛初《诗逆》释诗方法

“Reader Interpretation against Writer Intention”and Ling Mengchu's Method of Interpreting the Poetry in Shini

凌濛初是明末著名的小说家,曾经致力于《诗经》的编撰与阐释。《诗逆》是他的《诗经》学阐释著作之一,其解诗方法深受孟子"以意逆志"说影响。凌氏认为,读者不仅可以上逆《诗》之志,也可逆朱子之志。"逆"此二者之志,则不能泥守成说,应该重视《诗》的抒情性。凌濛初反对解诗过实、过直露、过迂,倡导活法,主张从其字词、章法、意境来感悟和揣摩《诗》之情景和诗歌的言外之意,结合生活体验感悟《诗》之情理。《诗逆》借鉴诸家的诗评,结合"以意逆志",故虽为"制义之作",却有很强的文学性及很多可观之处。

Ling Mengchu,a famous novelist in the end of Ming Dynasty,was once dedicated to the compilation and interpretation of The Classic of Poetry. Shini is one of his interpretive works,and his methods of interpreting the poetry are deeply affected by Mencius theory of ＂reader interpretation against writer intention＂. According to Ling Mengchu,the reader can interpret upward against not only the intention of The Classic of Poetry,but also that of Zhu Xi＇s. Against the intention of these two,it is supposed not to be confined to the stale doctrine,but put emphasis on the lyricism of The Classic of Poetry. While opposing to interpreting the poetry too literally,too directly and too stalely,Ling Mengchu advocated the flexibility and claimed to perceive and meditate the scenes of The Classic of Poetry and the implications of the poems from the words,art of composition and imagery,reflecting the sense of The Classic of Poetry with the life experience. Shini,although as＂the work of confining the writer intention＂,draws on the comments on the poetry from many other schools of scholars and combines the ＂reader interpretation against writer intention＂,which has the strong literary quality and is worth a lot of attention.