债权实现中的私力救济现象研究——以民间借贷纠纷为视角

A Study of the Private Relief Phenomena in the Realization of Creditor's Rights: From the Perspective of Private Lending Disputes

债权人绕开司法程序,借助催债公司维护其自身权益,这是债权人实施私力救济之表现。面对债务人的不作为,债权人启动各种私力救济模式的现象越来越普遍。就我国民间借贷领域而言,私力救济现象的滋生及凸显是由我国的特殊环境决定的。尽管灵活多样的私力救济模式可以消解纠纷,甚至会起到公力救济无可比拟的作用,但是从宏观视阈而言,私力救济却会引发系列问题。私力救济可以被作为国家实施强制力的诱因或者支持,但不应被放开或者过度纵容,更不应被视为独立于公力救济的权利救济途径。强调私力救济与公力救济的有效衔接则是对私力救济之存在的理性定位。

The creditor maintains his own rights and interests through the debt collection company rather than the judicial process,which is a manifestation that the creditor implements the private relief. In face of the inaction of the debtor,the phenomena that the creditor starts all kinds of private relief become increasingly common.In terms of China＇s folk lending areas,the breeding and highlight of private relief is decided by the special circumstances in China. While the flexible and diversified modes of private relief can resolve the disputes,and even work more importantly than public one,it will cause series of problems from a macro perspective. Private relief can be regarded as an incentive or support for the implementation of national force,but should neither be completely opened or excessively indulged,nor be considered as a means of right relief independent of public relief. The emphasis on effective connection between private relief and public relief is a rational orientation of the existence of private relief.