安全管理体系产生与发展综述

A review of establishment and development of safety management system

安全管理体系的缺欠是导致事故的根本原因,但在我国生产实践中安全管理体系是"舶来品",对事故预防并未起到应有的作用。为了识别管理体系在我国生产实践中不适用的原因,采用文献综述的方法梳理英国200 a以来有关职业安全与健康的立法,分析安全管理体系的起源与产生背景;并论述管理体系标准在国际上的发展历程以及它们在我国的应用情况。研究表明,与一些国家相比,自主管理机制不充分、实践基础薄弱以及全员参与程度不足是安全管理体系在我国生产实践中不适用的根本原因。

Many models of accident causation have acknowledged the contribution of human error to accidents,but the role of human error has changed from a person approach to a system / organization one,and has transferred from the more direct cause of accidents to problems deeper inside the system. The lack of a（ occupational health and） safety management system has been regarded as the basic reason of an accident. However,the safety management system in China belongs to ＂ imported goods＂,its application in Chinese industrial practice did not achieve a satisfied result. Therefore,this paper reviewed the background of safety management system from the development of the Acts related to occupational health and safety in more than 200 years in UK. It also discussed the first guideline,first standard of occupational health and safety management system and the development of variety of OHSMS-based standards in order to identify the basic reasons. The results show that the contributors to that safety management did not fit Chinese industrial practice are lack of the mechanism of self-regulation,poor practical ground,and inefficient employee involvement.