疲劳对高铁司机持续性注意影响机制的ERP试验研究

ERP-based study on influencing mechanism of fatigue on high-speed railway drivers' sustained attention

为探究驾驶作业疲劳对高铁司机持续性注意的损伤机制,基于动车模拟器平台,进行主任务为动车驾驶,次任务为随机信号检测的连续4 h动车模拟驾驶试验。全程采集20名高铁司机的驾驶行为数据和脑电信号数据。根据试验数据,对高、低持续性注意水平下司机的行为绩效、事件相关脑电位(ERP)成分进行差异性对比分析。结果表明,与第1阶段相比,第2阶段司机的行为绩效显著下降(对随机信号的反应时增加,有效检测率下降)。此外,ERP的P2成分波幅显著减小,N2b成分波幅显著增大、潜伏期显著延长,P3成分波幅显著减小、潜伏期显著延长。该结果表明,长时间连续作业将造成高铁司机的持续性注意水平下降,引起该水平降低的主要因素是疲劳造成高铁司机对突发事件的分类、评估,资源的调制、分配和认知控制等高级认知能力的损伤。

Here,the effects of mental fatigue on high-speed railway drivers ＇ visual sustained attention were assessed using ERP. An experiment was executed on an electric multiple units simulator for 4 h,which included a primary task（ driving task） and a second task（ random signal detective task）. During the experiment,the behavior performances and EEG data of 20 drivers were recorded. The ERP and behavior performances were compared between the high and low fatigue levels. The results show that fatigue causes a decrease in behavior performance i. e.,prolongs reaction times to random signals and decreases detection rate of them,and that P2,N2 b and P3 b were influenced by fatigue,more specifically,in the high fatigue level,the amplitude of P2 was decreased significantly,the amplitude of N2 b significantly increased,the latencies of N2 b significantly prolonged,the amplitude of P3 b significantly decreased,and the latencies of P3 b significantly prolonged. These results indicate that mental fatigue impair some higher-level cognitive capacities for classification and assessment of emergencies,modulation and distribution of resources,cognitive control,and so on.