摘要
构式语法是从Fillmore从格语法发展到框架语义学,再在其上的基础上通过习语的研究发展建立起来的。前人从构式语法的角度对习语的研究有很多,例如Fillmore(1988)对"let alone构造"的研究,Lackoff(1987)对"There-构造"的研究等。他们都发现,构式是一个独立的单位,有其自身的句法语义和语用特征。范畴化研究是认知语言学的主要内容之一,那么,构式也有其自身的范畴化分类。构式也有其自身的层级性。笔者以英语中的hand习语为例,将其范畴化分类为四大类:以动词,形容词,介词,连词为中心。而其中以动词加hand的习语最多,笔者在Fillmore和王寅的习语分类基础上,将动词加hand类进行了更细的划分。研究结果发现,习语构式也是有其自身的传承性和层级性的。
Basing on Fillmore＇s case grammar and framework semantics,construction grammar developed on the study of idioms. There are a lot of researches on idioms from the perspective of constitutive grammar,such as Fillmore（ 1988） on the study of ＂ let alone structure＂,and Lackoff ＇s（ 1987） study of ＂ There- structure＂ and so on. They all discovered that,construction is a basic unit having its own syntactic,semantic and pragmatic features. As categorization is an important theory of Cognitive Linguistics,every construction has its own category classification with a high hierarchy. The author chose hand idioms as the objective of this paper,and classified them into 4 kinds： verb- centered,adjective- centered,preposition- centered and conjunction- centered. Among them,the number of verb- centered hand idioms is the biggest. So the author classified them on the basis of Fillmore and Wangyin＇s theory,which discovered that idiomatic constructions have their own Inheritance and hierarchy.
