论马克思人学视域下的社会工作

On Social Work from the Perspective of Marxist Human Study

马克思人学从现实的个人出发,深刻阐述了人的本质、人的价值和人的发展问题,将人的自由全面发展看作社会发展的最终目的和衡量社会进步的最高尺度。社会工作作为专业性的助人活动,秉承助人自助和以人为本的价值理念,关注人的现实困境和生存状态,旨在增强人的主体意识和能力,改善社会环境条件,以实现人的自由全面发展,这与马克思人学在理论和实践上不谋而合。从马克思人学出发,把社会工作的本质界定为"实践的人学",丰富了社会工作的本质内涵,使社会工作的个体价值目标和社会价值目标统一于实现人的全面发展。这种观点将关注人的社会特质和发展诉求作为解决社会问题、缓解社会矛盾、促进社会和谐、推动社会进步的出发点和落脚点。

Based on realistic individuals, Marxist human study expounds the essence of man, human values and human development profoundly. It regards free and comprehensive development of human as the ultimate goal of social development and the prime measurement of social progress. As a professional helping activity, social work upholds self-reliance and people-oriented values, focusing on human reality of the plight and state of living, and it is designed to enhance people＇s consciousness and ability to improve the social environment so as to advances human free and all-around development, which coincides with Marxist human study in theory and practice. Viewing from Marxist human study, the essence of social work is defined as ＂ practical human science＂, which enriches the connotation of the nature of social work, so that the value target of individuals and that of social value are integrated into achievement of human free and all-around development. This view will focus on social characteristics and demands of human development as starting point and ending point of the solution to social problems, the ease of social conflicts, and the promotion of social harmony and progress.