从特列季亚科夫看“列夫”的悲剧

Study of the Tragedy of “LEF” from Tretyakov

特列季亚科夫是俄罗斯著名的政论家、剧作家和诗人。他最有影响的作品《怒吼吧,中国!》几乎演遍全球。他于1937年被捕后被枪决。1956年得到平反。本文的意图是透过特列季亚科夫本人的悲剧,看看他所在的左派文艺团体"列夫",以及20世纪二三十年代苏联左派文艺团体的悲剧是怎样造成的。布尔什维克党曾经利用"同路人"的力量,可是当最迫切的任务已经转变为创造一种为工农大众服务、为千百万人理解的艺术形式,"列夫"就开始跟不上形势的需要。斯大林的文艺路线与"左"的话语实质上并无共同之处,也和"左"的思想没有共同之处。它更像是一个修复古代艺术品所需要的行动方案,宁可让艺术存活在某种经过审批的形式中。

Tretyakov is a well-known Russian political analyst, playwright and poet, whose influential work Roar, China! was popular almost in the world. He was arrested and killed in 1937, and was redressed in 1956. This article intends to analyze the tragedy of the leftist literature and art group ＂LEF＂ from the case study of Tretyakov＇s personal tragedy. Bolshevik Party used to make use of the force of the fellow-travelers for revolution, but once the urgent mission turned to become to create a typical art for meeting the need of the popular workers and peasants, ＂LEF＂ was out of the track and could not catch up with the trends. Actually, there is no similarity between Stalin＇s policy of art and literature with the artistic pursuit of the leftist. Stalin＇s policy looks like an action program designed to repair ancient artistic pieces, and prefers to let artistic works exist in the limitation of authorized approval.