对尼采之瓦格纳批判的批判——从一个瓦格纳研究者的视角

A Critical Study on Nietzsche's Criticism on Wagner

第一部分是对尼采之瓦格纳批判的归纳和解释,其中解释了尼采所谓瓦格纳艺术的"现代性"、"颓废"以及"瓦格纳是个演员"的含义,并总结了尼采在他对瓦格纳的批判中提出的自己的美学标准——一个关于生命力水平、价值取向、审美趣味和社会等级的等式。第二部分是笔者对尼采的批判所做的批注,其中的要点是:尼采对瓦格纳音乐特点的评价是以纯粹的器乐、传统歌剧和古典主义为标准来批评音乐戏剧和浪漫主义;尼采关于生命力水平、道德和审美标准的等式既没有证据支持也经受不住现实的考量;瓦格纳戏剧的内容和音乐风格是多样的,远不止尼采着力批判的那些。总之,尼采的批判既缺乏足够的对事实的尊重,更无经得住推敲的批评立场,作为文艺批评没有真正的价值。

This article illustrates Nietzsche＇s criticism on Wagner including the explanation of Nietzsche＇s illustration of Wagner＇s ＂modernity＂, ＂decadence＂ and Nietzsche＇s statement of ＂Wagner is just an actor＂, and summarizes Nietzsche＇s aesthetic criteria derived from his criticism on Wagner, an equation regarding the level of life force, the value orientation, the aesthetic taste and caste. Simultaneously, the author of the article also makes a critical study on Nietzsche＇s criticism on Wagner and expounds that Nietzsche＇s criticism on Wagner＇s music theater and his romanticism has been based on the criteria of instrumental music, traditional opera and classicism. Besides, Nietzsche＇s equation has not been proved by proofs in reality. Actually, the script and the music of Wagner＇s play are various and far beyond Nietzsche＇s scope. Therefore, lacking of sufficient respect to the documents and reliable critical criteria, Nietzsche＇s literary criticism on Wagner offers little reference.