新疆维吾尔族模戳印花工艺研究

Uygur Cotton Printing Technique in Xinjiang

新疆维吾尔族模戳印花工艺是一种采用木模凸版印花方法将图案印制在棉织布上的工艺。与我国内地印花工艺不同,它是采用一块块木印模,像盖图章似的在棉织布上印出各种各样的图形纹样,形成具有伊斯兰装饰风格的整体图案。这种印花工艺独具特色,既受中国古老活字印版技术的启发,又受到西方雕刻技艺的影响,形成独具伊斯兰风格的印染技艺。本文即从印刷工艺技术中的印版、转印材料和承印物三个要素入手,就新疆模戳印花工艺的产生历史进行探源及系统的梳理和研究。从得天独厚具有承印物棉布产生的地理条件优势,到转印物颜料的制备和印版(凸版木模)的制作,以及印制工艺流程等方面进行分析,通过与印度古吉拉特邦艾哈迈达巴德的木模拓印工艺的比较研究,找出新疆维吾尔族模戳印花工艺与印度木模拓印工艺的异同,进而揭示出新疆模戳印花工艺的成因与特色。

Uygurs in Xinjiang use woodblocks to create printed patterns on cotton textiles. Different from similar printing techniques in central China,the Uygur technique features small woodblocks,varying stamped patterns on cotton and Islamic style. Such a unique Islamic printing technique was inspired by both ancient Chinese block printing and Western sculpture. The current author studies the woodblocks,pigments and cotton textiles to find out the origins of Uygur cotton printing technique. Geographic advantages of cotton growing,production of pigments and woodblocks and printing process are analyzed. In addition,a comparative study is made between Uygur and Ahmedabad（in Gujarat,India） techniques to reveal the distinct features of the former.