施肥调节对稻纵卷叶螟发生和水稻产量的影响

Effects of fertilizer regulation on occurrence of leaffolder,Cnaphalocrocts medinalis and rice production

以单季稻浙粳88和甬优18为材料,以浙江余姚和临海当地的传统施肥习惯为对照,研究了肥料调节(包括减少氮肥、氮肥后移及氮磷钾协调使用)对稻纵卷叶螟田间种群、天敌及水稻产量的影响。结果表明,控肥区稻纵卷叶螟卷叶率、捕食性天敌和寄生蜂的种群数量和对照区没有显著性差异,但控肥区稻纵卷叶螟田间幼虫种群在水稻分蘖期和穗期较对照显著降低。浙粳88和甬优18的控肥处理氮肥施用量分别比对照减少26.89%和12.68%,产量分别增加9.85%和12.58%,产值分别增加155.1和211.8元·667m-2。该施肥调节方案可有效减少水稻氮肥施用量,同时降低田间稻纵卷叶螟幼虫的种群数量,减轻农业面源污染。

Using rice cultivars Zhejing 88 and Yongyou 18 as materials,the effects of modified schedules of fertilizer application on the population of leaffolder and its natural enemies in rice field,and yields had been evaluated. Local farmers＇ traditional fertilization in Yuyao and Linhai in Zhejiang province were used as control. Modified schedules of fertilizer application include reducing application of nitrogen fertilizer,postponing nitrogen technique,and NPK coordinated application. The results indicated that there were no significant difference on the rate of roll leaf,the population of main predators and parasitoids in the rice field at all growth period between modified fertilizer application schedule and control. However,the population of leaffolder larvae at tillering and panicle stage with modified fertiliz-er application schedule was significantly lower than those in control. Furthermore,nitrogen fertilizer usage,rice production and economic output in Zhejing 88 and Yongyou 18 followed with modified fertilizer application schedule were reduced by 26. 89% and 12. 68%,increased by 9. 85% and 12. 58%,and increased 155. 1 Yuan·667m- 2and211. 8 Yuan·667m- 2than those in control,respectively. The fertilizer regulation scheme was presented in this paper can effectively reduce nitrogen fertilizer usage and relieve the larval population of rice leaffolder in paddy field. It is a useful tactic to control agricultural pollution and ensure food security in China.