摘要
稻瘟病是制约水稻稳产的重要病害之一,寄主抗病基因的利用是稻瘟病防控最经济和有效的手段。迄今为止,水稻中已经克隆了27个抗稻瘟病基因,从它们在水稻基因组中的位置分布来看,这27个抗病基因分布于14个遗传座位,意味着每个遗传座位平均分布约2个等位基因;从等位基因的序列同源性来看,位于同一遗传座位的复等位基因的序列呈现高度一致。进一步分析发现,相对于有功能的抗病基因,有些感病材料的等位基因呈现为典型的序列突变导致的假基因化,或者表现为明显的序列或结构差异。稻瘟病抗病基因的复等位分布特征,为同源克隆,尤其是等位基因挖掘提供了非常好的参考信息。对目前稻瘟病抗性基因的克隆进展、抗病基因的结构分类和它们在染色体中的位置进行了阐述和讨论,同时介绍了基于复等位基因分布特征的等位基因挖掘技术在抗病基因克隆中的应用,并进行了实例介绍和前景分析。
Rice blast was one of the widespread fungal diseases constraining rice stable production. Utilization of host resistance（ R） genes provided the most efficient and economical approach to tackle this disease. As of now,27 rice blast R genes had been characterized. With respect to their distribution in rice genome,these 27 R genes located in14 genetic loci,suggesting that each locus had about 2 allelic genes. Moreover,allelic R genes at the same locus shared extreme sequence similarity to each other. Compared to those functional alleles,nonfunctional ones in the susceptible varieties were typical pseudogenes due to various sequence mutations in some R genes loci. Some R genes loci in susceptible varieties had alleles with significant sequence difference and distinct genomic organization. The distribution pattern of multiple allelic R genes in the same locus in rice genome provided ideal reference information forhomology-based gene cloning including allele mining. In this review,we elaborated the current progress on the cloning of rice blast R genes,their structural classification and distribution on chromosomes. We also discussed the application and prospective of allele mining for cloning novel alleles in some R gene loci.
出处
《浙江农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第10期1789-1796,共8页
Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis
基金
国家高技术研究发展计划(2012AA101103)
