绿肥和小麦秸秆与化肥配施对水稻生长和青紫泥土壤肥力的影响

Influence of incorporation of green manure,wheat straw and chemical fertilizer on rice growth and fertility of purple clay-based paddy soil

通过田间试验,研究了紫云英、小麦秸秆以及二者各半混合还田与化肥配合施用对水稻产量构成、氮素利用特性以及青紫泥土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明,与单纯施用化肥相比,有机物料还田能够显著提高稻谷产量,增产幅度在13.2%～18.1%。紫云英全量还田显著增加了水稻单位面积穗数,而秸秆全量还田则使每穗粒数显著增加;有机物料还田提高了成熟期水稻的总干重和氮素累积量,增加比例分别为12.5%～17.1%和10.0%～12.8%。有机物料还田在一定程度上提高了水稻的氮素生理利用效率,包括氮干物质生产效率和氮谷物生产效率。此外,有机物料还田不同程度地提高了土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,其中速效钾和有机质含量增加幅度分别达9.7%～12.1%和7.8%～15.6%。小麦秸秆全量还田条件下,土壤速效钾和有机质含量增幅最高。

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of incorporation of Astragalus sinicus,wheat straw and chemical fertilizer on rice yield components,characteristics of nitrogen（ N） utilization and fertility of purple claybased paddy soil. It was shown that incorporation of Astragalus sinicus and / or wheat straw with chemical fertilizer increased rice yield by 13. 2%- 18. 1% than that with chemical fertilizer only. Incorporation of chemical fertilizer and Astragalus sinicus significantly increased spike number per unit area,while incorporation of chemical fertilizer and wheat straw increased grain numbers. With green manure returning,the dry matter accumulation and N accumulation of rice at maturity stage increased by 12. 5%- 17. 1% and 10. 0%- 12. 8%,respectively,and the physiological Nuse efficiency of biomass production and grain was improved. Besides,the soil fertility,including soil organic matter,total N,available phosphorus（ P） and potassium（ K） was improved. The content of soil available K and organicmatter increased by 9. 7%- 12. 1% and 7. 8%- 15. 6%,respectively,under green manure returning compared with that with chemical fertilizer,respectively,only. With wheat straw returning,the increase of soil available K and organic matter content was the highest.