问题导向下的村庄规划模式研究

Study on village planning paradigm based on problem analysis

村庄规划涉及多方利益相关群体,由于传统村庄规划"自上而下"的规划模式无法体现各方利益相关者所反映的问题,因此,尝试在村庄规划中建立一套基于问题导向和村民参与的村庄规划范式。结合山西省灵石县尹方村村庄规划示范项目,通过半结构访谈和村庄调查,充分挖掘村庄存在的各种问题,并运用问题树分析方法对这些问题进行归类、整理,建立村庄基础设施、土地利用、村民收入等方面的问题树,向村庄规划的利益相关者更直观地展示村庄内部存在的各类问题及其核心问题。最后针对不同问题,制定相应的村庄规划目标,以期为今后其他项目制定更符合村庄发展实际的规划提供借鉴。

Village planning is a complex system involving diversified stakeholders that concern all the aspects of object village. Nevertheless,the conventional ＂top-down＂village planning pattern has failed to focus on the significance of problems reflected by stakeholders. Therefore,a new pattern of problem-oriented and villagers participatory village planning is urgently needed. In the present study,a demonstrative planning program in Yinfang Village,a rural village in Shanxi Province,has been conducted by problem tree analysis（ PTA） method. Firstly,The semi-structure interview and village investigation were employed to record the existed problems in the village. Secondly,the PTA method was utilized to categorize problems in different aspects such as infrastructure,land use,and villagers＇ income into several problem trees,which could intuitively show the stakeholders the categorization and cores of the existed problems. In the end,planning objectives were set toward different aspects of the problems. This village planning pattern was hoped to provide references for future realistic and practicable village planning.