异质劳动力与工业空间集聚——基于中心—外围模型的扩展分析

Heterogeneous Labors and Industrial Economic Geographic Agglomeration in China——based on co-periphery model

基于中心—外围模型,引入异质劳动力构建一般均衡模型,通过考察高、低技能两类劳动力的流动及其相互影响发现:当交易成本较低时,两类劳动力的流动均可促进流入地产业集聚;当交易成本较高时,两类劳动力需集聚到一定程度,才能促进高技能劳动力流动,进而促进产业集聚发生。进一步地,采用2002—2012年31省(市、区)面板数据进行实证检验。结果表明:在全国范围内,两类劳动力流动均对工业集聚存在显著正向影响,同时二者之间存在相互影响;在东部和中部地区,高技能劳动力对工业集聚存在显著正向影响,低技能劳动力对工业集聚存在显著反向影响;在西部地区,两类劳动力都未能对工业集聚产生显著影响。

This paper introduces heterogeneous labors in the basic co - periphery model and constructs a general equilibrium model. By studying on the flow of the two kinds of labors and their mutual influence, we find that high skilled labors and low skilled labors flow, with low transaction cost, can promote the industrial agglomeration of the labors inflow region, and that high skilled labors and low skilled labors, with high transaction cost, need to gather to a certain extent, so as to promote the high skilled labors flow, and then promote industrial agglomeration. Moreover, we use panel data of thirty provinces and cities from 2002 to 2012 for empirical testing. The result indicates that in the nationwide, the two kinds of flows have a significant positive impact on industrial agglomeration, while there is a mutual influence between high skilled labors flow and low skilled labors flow, and that in the eastern and central regions, high skilled labors have a significant positive impact on industrial agglomeration, while low skilled labors have significant negative impact on industrial agglomeration, but in the western region, two types of labors fail to have a significant impact on industrial agglomeration.