农村转移人口离农的制度困境及其实现路径

Institutional dilemma of the departure of rural transfer population from the countryside and the implementation path

二元体制下的城乡分割形成了农村转移人口无法从根本上离农的制度困境,小农模式的传统生产状态和农民直面市场的分散决策结构导致了农业劳动生产率难以提高,就业市场的二元分割和土地对农民的社会保障功能又决定了离乡不离土成为农民的理性选择。针对学术界广为认同的以扩大非农就业为目的的农村人口转移思路,本文认为,城乡经济势差只提供了农民城乡流动的动力,只有通过推进农业生产方式由家庭经营向企业化经营转变,建立城乡统一的社会保障体系,深入市场化进程以消除劳动市场的二元分割,才能在结构转型的前提下实现城乡融合及农村人口的有序转移。

Urban-rural division in the dual system leads to the institutional dilemma that rural transfer population could not be separated from agriculture radically. Traditional production of small scale peasant mode and decentralized decision-mak- ing structure -- in which peasants deal with market directly--make rural labor productivity hard to improve. Dual-division of employment market and the social insurance function of land for peasants determine that being separated from villages while not leaving land becomes rational choice for peasants. As for the academic thinking of rural population transfer with the goal of ex- panding non-agricultural employment, this paper holds that urban-rural economic difference just provide a driving force for the flow of peasant workers between urban and rural areas, and that to integrate urban and rural areas and transfer rural population orderly, we need to promote agricultural production mode changing from household operation to firm operation, set up a unified social security system for both urban and rural areas, and deepen marketization process to get rid of dual division in the labor market.