植被恢复对黑岱沟矿区排土场土壤性质的影响

Effects of Vegetation Restoration on Soil Properties in Heidaigou Mine Dump

[目的]以内蒙古准格尔旗黑岱沟露天煤矿北排土场为研究对象,为矿区的植被恢复和治理提供依据。[方法]通过野外土壤剖面调查和采集土壤样品,对9种植被恢复模式及对照区土壤理化性质进行测定和分析,并通过土壤质量指数计算,对不同植被恢复模式下土壤质量进行评价。[结果]各种植被类型均能有效地改良土壤。其中沙棘的容重最小,为1.35g/cm3;油松+沙棘+锦鸡儿的含水量最大,为13.32%;油松+杨树+柳有机质最高,为9.42g/kg;油松+沙棘+锦鸡儿土壤速效N和速效K含量均为最高,分别为21.32和90.21mg/kg;锦鸡儿土壤速效P含量最高,为6.47mg/kg;沙棘和锦鸡儿作为灌木的乔灌混交模式下土壤质量综合评价值最高,单一种植沙棘以及锦鸡儿的土壤质量综合评价值也较高。[结论]种植沙棘、锦鸡儿以及乔木、沙棘和锦鸡儿的乔灌混交类型对该地区土壤复垦有重要作用。

[Objective]In order to provide the basis for vegetation restoration and management in mining area,Heidaigou opencast coal mine dump north in Zhunge＇er Banner,Inner Mongolia was selected as the research object.[Methods]We investigated soil profile and collected soil samples by field surveys.Soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed and compared under 9different vegetation restoration patterns and control plot.Soil quality was evaluated by calculating soil quality index（SQI）under different vegetation restoration patterns.[Results]All vegetation types effectively improved soil quality.Soil bulk density was the minimum in Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.shrub,which was 1.35g/cm3.Soil moisture content was the maximum in forest composed of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.＋ H.rhamnoides Linn.＋ Caragana korshinskii Kom.,which was 13.32%.Soil organic content was the maximum in forest composed of P.tabulaeformis Carr.＋Populus sp ＋ Salix babylonica L,which was 9.42g/kg.Soil available N and available K contents were the highest in forest composed of P.tabulaeformis Carr.＋ H.rhamnoides Linn.＋ C.korshinskii Kom.,which was 21.32 and 90.21 mg/kg,respectively.Soil available P was the highest in C.korshinskii Kom shrub,which was 6.47mg/kg.The best soil quality occurred in mixed vegetation composed of H.rhamnoides Linn.and C.korshinskii Kom.Single cropping H.rhamnoides Linn.shrub or C.korshinskii Kom.Shrub also improved soil quality.[Conclusion]Mixed forests of trees and shrubs composed of H.rhamnoides Linn.,C.korshinskii Kom.,H.rhamnoides Linn.and C.korshinskii Kom.play important role in soil reclamation.