赤峰典型草原区气候变化及其对气候生产力的影响

The effects of climate changes on the productivity in the steppe of Chifeng

利用赤峰典型草原区1959-2014年6个气象站点的年平均气温、年降水量资料,采用Thornthwaite Memorial模型,估算了赤峰典型草原牧草气候生产力,分析了气候变化特征及其对气候生产力的影响关系。结果表明,赤峰典型草原区近56年平均气温呈显著上升趋势,降水量呈不显著的略下降趋势;6个旗县气候生产力呈不显著的线性减少趋势,平均值为6 630.5 kg/hm2·a,递减率为1.956 3 kg/hm2·a;空间变化自南向北呈逐渐增加趋势,趋势倾向率为-13.38~2.63;气候生产力与年降水量呈极显著正相关,与年平均气温无显著相关性,说明自然降水量是赤峰典型草原区气候生产力的主要限制因子。

The characteristics of climatic variation and its impact on plant climate productivity were studied with the observed data of 6 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2014 in the steppe of Chifeng. The results showed that annual average temperature increased significantly in 56 years, and the annual precipitation was slightly decreased. The forage grass climate productivity in the steppe of 6 counties were slightly decreased, and the means of climate productivity was 6 992.88 kg/hm2·a, and the rate of decrease was 1.956 3 kg/ hm2·a. The regional distribution of forage grass climate productivity in north of the steppe was better than in south, the rate of change were from-13.38 to 2.63. For two meteorological factors, annual precipitation was very significantly positive correlated with climate productivity, and annual average temperature was significantly negative correlated with climate productivity, which implied the natural precipitation was important meteorological factor in determining climate productivity in steppe of Chifeng.