否定副词“弗”的主观化语用特征——以简帛文献中的用法为例证

The Subjective Pragmatic Features of the Negative Adverb "Fú(弗)"——Evidences from Bamboo and Silk Documents

简帛文献中否定副词"弗"的使用频率很高,被"弗"否定的动词可以带体词性宾语和谓词性宾语,"弗"等于"不之"的说法无法解释这些现象。"弗"的特点在于其明显的主观化语用特征,它体现了叙述者(或说话人)对"弗"后动词所代表的行为有一种心理上的预设:"应该发生"或"可能发生",叙述者(或说话人)对这一预设之内的行为进行否定倾向于用"弗"。

The negative adverb ＂Fu（弗）＂is of high frequency in bamboo and silk documents. The verbs modified by ＂Fu（弗）＂can be followed by nominal objects and predicative objects. ＂Fu（弗）＂ has obvious subjective pragmatic features, which embodies speaker＇s psychological presupposition on the verbal behavior. The presupposition can be generalized as ＂should happen＂ and ＂prone to happen＂. The speaker is more inclined to use ＂Fu（弗）＂ to modify a verb when the situation of the verb is limited to his presupposition.