水电对风能太阳能间歇性电力的支持与协调运行

Supporting of hydropower for intermittent wind and photovoltaic power and the coordinated operation between them

简要分析了绿色低碳可再生能源的发展要求、水电和可再生新能源发电的状况.研究了水电对风电、光伏发电的支持及其协调运行.研究表明,水电对于促进风电、太阳能光伏发电的发展、促进可再生能源入网比例最大化具有重要作用.我国的大区电网覆盖范围有数省之广,区内水电站群的总调峰能力,是支持、协调可再生新能源安全稳定运行的重要保障,因而需要开展系统性的研究工作.品质优良的水电,可通过调度安排,尽可能多地承担峰荷,以使化石能源承担的调峰份额减少.以青海为例的计算表明,水电站群的可调节电量与汛期和非汛期有关,年际间也发生变化,在一定的发展年份出现的既需弃掉间歇性电力、而系统总负荷又不能满足要求的矛盾现象,可通过抽水蓄能的双向调节作用予以解决.从资源和环境的角度,建议在适当地区修建咸水抽水蓄能电站.

It was analyzed at first the necessities developing of low-carbon green renewable energy in China as well as the exploring status of traditional hydropower and renewable energy power briefly. Then the supporting and coordinated operation of hydropower for the intermittent wind and photovoltaic power were studied. The results showed that hydropower played an important role in promoting the development of wind and photovoltaic power, and could increase the electric supply rate of renewable energy. For the very wide scope of regional power grid covering a few provinces, it is necessary to research the total capacity of all hydropower stations systematically in the grid to balance the intermittent energy, because it is an important guaranty to keep the operating of the renewable energy in grid safely and stably. By dispatching, water power should take the task of peak load as much as possible in order to reduce the peak load share of fossil energy. In addition, the calculation results related to Qinghai province showed that the balance capacities of cascade hydropower stations varied in seasons and years. In some years of the future, although the total supply capacity of electricity in the regional grid could not meet the total load demand, at same time, the intermittent electric power had to be discarded. The contradictory phenomenon could be resolved by pumped storage schemes. From the point of views of resources and environment, it was also suggested that seawater or salt lake water pumped storages in some appropriate region could be constructed in China.