2011—2013年邯郸市肺结核疫情的流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemic characteristics of tuberculosis in Handan City from 2011-2013

目的了解邯郸市肺结核疫情的流行特征,分析流行趋势,探讨防制策略,为预防控制工作提供科学依据。方法利用邯郸市2011—2013年登记的活动性肺结核患者资料,采用SPSS软件和描述流行病学方法,对活动性肺结核患者登记情况进行综合分析。结果 3年间登记活动性肺结核患者12 348例,登记率47.32/10万,涂阳肺结核登记率呈逐年下降趋势,无明显季节性。存在明显地区差异。各年龄组均有患者登记,主要集中在15-64岁年龄组,所有年龄组中以15-24岁年龄组登记的病例最多,达3 144例,占所有患者数的25.46%。男女登记率比例为2.06∶1,存在明显的性别差异。患者职业以农民为主,占80.11%;其次是学生和家政及待业,分别占登记患者的5.17%和4.92%。结论邯郸市结核病疫情形势依然严峻,肺结核防控的重点人群是农民和初、高中在校学生,应采取综合措施控制疫情蔓延。

[Objective] To understand the epidemic characteristics of tuberculosis in Handan City, analyze the epidemic trends,discusses control strategy, and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control.[Methods] The data of active tuberculosis cases that were registered in Handan City from 2011-2013 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method with SPSS software.[Results] A total of 12 348 active tuberculosis cases were registered in three years, with the registration rate of 47.32/lakh. The registration rate of smear-positive tuberculosis cases declined year by year, without the obvious seasonal characteristics, but there was obvious regional difference. The patients distributed in all age groups, and mainly concentrated in the 15-64 year-old age group, while 3 144 patients were people aged 15-24 years old, accounting for 25.46% of all patients. The male-to-female ratio in registration rate was 2.06∶1, and the difference between males and females was significant. Most of patients were farmers, which accounted for 80.11%, followed by students and housekeeping/unemployment, which respectively accounted for 5.17% and4.92% of registration patients.[Conclusion] The epidemic situation of tuberculosis is still grim in Handan City, and the key populations of prevention and control are farmers, as well as junior and senior high school students. It is necessary to take comprehensive measures to control the spread of tuberculosis.