2010—2014年上海市金山区高温中暑流行特征及其与气温的关系

Epidemiological features of heat stroke and relationship with temperature in Jinshan district of Shanghai from 2010-2014

目的分析2010-2014年上海市某郊区高温中暑病例的流行病学特征,并结合气温资料,探讨中暑的危险因素。方法对2010—2014年上海市金山区高温中暑病例开展流行病学调查,同时收集金山区有中暑病例当月的逐日气温资料,进行统计分析。结果 2010—2014年上海市金山区共报告高温中暑病例155例,男女性别比为2.4∶1,平均年龄50岁。有职业和行为等详细信息的103例中暑病例中,男性中暑主要发生在工作场所(67.6%)和住所(17.6%),女性中暑地主要为住所(44.8%)和农田(24.1%);在住所发生中暑的病例中有80.8%年龄≥60岁。5年间日最高气温≥35℃的高温日共48 d,高温日和中暑病例均集中在7、8月份,68.8%的高温日发生中暑病例,高温日中暑的病例数占总病例数的74.8%。中暑人数与高温持续天数、日最大8 h滑动平均气温、日最高气温、日最低气温和日均气温等气温因子均呈显著正相关,其中高温持续天数的相关系数最大(r=0.690)。结论该郊区中暑病例男性多于女性,体力劳动工人、居家老年人和户外劳作的农民是防控的重点对象;中暑主要发生于高温较集中的7、8月,最高气温≥35℃的高温日、尤其是持续高温期间是中暑防控的重点时期。

[Objective] To analyze the epidemiological features of heat stroke in a suburb of Shanghai from 2010-2014, and explore the risk factors of heat stroke combined with temperature data.[Methods] The epidemiological investigation were conducted on 155 cases of heat stroke in Jinshan district of Shanghai from 2010-2014,daily temperature data were collected in these months with heat stroke cases reported, and all of the data were analyzed.[Results] There were 155 cases of heat stroke reported in Jinshan district of Shanghai form 2010-2014. The gender ratio was 2.4 ∶1, and the average age was 50 years old.Among 103 cases with details about occupation and behavior, male had heat strokes mainly in the workplace（ 67.6%） and at home（ 17.6%）, female had heat strokes mainly at home（ 44.8%） and in the farmland（ 24.1%）; 80.8% of all cases occurred at home were 60 years old or more. There were 48 high temperature days when the daily highest temperature ≥35℃. The high temperature days and cases of heat stroke were both concentrated in July and August. 68.8% of the high temperature days had heat stroke cases, the number of cases occurred in high temperature days accounted for 74.8% of the total number of heat stroke cases. Heat stroke numbers were significantly positively related with temperature factors such as high temperature continuous days, daily maximum 8 hours sliding average temperatures, daily highest temperature, daily minimum temperature and daily average temperature, particularly with high temperature continuous days（ r =0.690）.[Conclusion] Heat stroke cases of men are more than women, manual labor workers, older people at home and farmers in outdoor working are the key objects of heat stroke prevention. Heat stroke occurs mainly in the period of high temperature concentrated（ July and August）; The period of daily highest temperature≥35℃, especially during continuous high temperature are the key stages of the heat stroke prevention.