落实《中华人民共和国食品安全法》后食物中毒事件的流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis on food poisoning events after implementation of the Food Safety Law of the People's Republic of China

目的了解《中华人民共和国食品安全法》（食品安全法）实施后食物中毒的流行病特征变化,为推动国家法律法规提供依据。方法 2009年6月1日我国开始实施《食品安全法》。该文收集2005—2008年和2010—2013年全国食物中毒事件相关资料进行流行病学比较分析。结果实施前（2005—2008年）全国共发生食物中毒事件1 789起,中毒53 459人,死亡843人;实施后（2010—2013年）全国共发生食物中毒事件734起,中毒27 538人,死亡576人;实施后各指标较实施前分别下降了58.97%、48.50%和31.67%。实施前后中毒起数、人数和死亡人数主要集中在第3季度,占总数的37%-40%。实施前后食物中毒事件发生场所排在前2位的均是家庭和集体单位,但集体单位中毒起数、人数所占比例由原来的33.33%、41.43%下降到实施后的20.71%、35.76%;而家庭中毒起数、人数由原来的37.45%、20.46%上升到实施后的50.00%、25.34%。结论实施《食品安全法》对控制食物中毒事件起到重要作用。

[Objective] To understand the epidemiological characteristics of the food poisoning after implementation of the Food Safety Law of the People＇s Republic of China, provide the basis for promoting the national laws and regulations. [Methods] The Food Safety Law has been implemented in China since June 1, 2009. The data of food poisoning events during 2005-2008 and2010-2013 in China were analyzed and compared with the epidemiological method. [Results] Before the implementation of the Food Safety Law（ during 2005-2008）, a total of 1789 food poisoning events were reported in China, and there were 53 459 patients and 843 death cases. After the implementation of the Food Safety Law（ during 2010-2013）, a total of 734 food poisoning events were reported in China, and there were 27 538 patients and 576 death cases. The indexes after the implementation reduced by 58.97%, 48.50% and 31.67% respectively as compared with the data before the implementation. Before and after the implementation, the events, patients and death cases mainly occurred in the third quarter, accounting for 37%-40% of total number. No matter before and after the implementation, the top two places of food poisoning events were family and collective unit. However, the proportion of food poisoning events and patients in collective unit decreased from 33.33% and 41.43% before the implementation to 20.71% and 35.76% after the implementation, while the proportion of food poisoning events and patients in family increased from 37.45% and 20.46% before the implementation to 50.00% and 25.34% after the implementation.[Conclusion] The Food Safety Law plays an important role in controlling the food poisoning events.