枇杷自然生长条件下生理指标的周年变化

Physiological Indexes Change Rule Loquat Under the Condition of Natural Growth Throughout the Year

为了研究大田环境下北缘地区枇杷叶片生理指标的周年变化规律,揭示枇杷生理代谢与季节、气温、降雨的关系。以14年生枇杷树为试材,从2013年8月底现蕾期开始到2014年7月底,每月月底从树冠外围采集叶片进行生理指标测定,研究北缘地区枇杷叶片主要生理指标的变化规律。结果表明:枇杷处于干旱胁迫状态时叶片可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、脯氨酸等物质含量均明显上升,且超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性均增加;当气温最低时枇杷叶片丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量以及SOD、POD、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均达周期内最高值;新叶叶绿素含量显著低于老叶,苯丙氨酸解胺酶(PAL)活性随温度降低而降低,且新叶PAL活性大于老叶。说明当枇杷处于干旱和低温胁迫环境时枇杷体内的相关生理指标发生了相应的变化来积极应对逆境环境;新叶与老叶的物质含量及酶活性有一定的差异;随着气温回升、降雨量增加,叶片生理指标表现出与逆境胁迫时相反的变化趋势。

Selecting 14-year-old of‘Nagasaki early＇loquat as test material,starting from the bud period（the end of August2013）until the end of July 2014,collecting leaves from canopy outside to determine physiological indexes end of each month,and study the main physiological indexes change rule of the north rim loquat leaf.In order to study the physiological indexes change rules of the field environment loquat leaf throughout the year,reveal the relationship between physiological metabolism and season,air temperature,rainfall.The results showed that under drought stress the content of soluble protein,soluble sugar,proline were significantly increased,and SOD,POD activities were increased;when the temperature was the lowest the content of MDA,soluble protein,soluble sugar,proline and the SOD,POD and CAT activities achieved cycle peak.The chlorophyll content of new leaves were significantly lower than old leaves,PAL activity varies with temperature was lower and lower,PAL activity of new leaves was greater than the old leaves.Illustrating that when under the drought and low temperature stress environment the related physiological indexes in the body of loquat corresponding changed to actively cope with adversity environment.The material content and enzyme activity has certain differences between the new and old leaves,leaf physiological indexes showed the opposite change tendency with the rise of temperature and the increase of rainfall.