陕西留坝西洋参种植棚内的温度特征

Temperature Properties within Plastic Greenhouses for American Ginseng Growth in Liuba County, Shaanxi, China

为了确定并揭示西洋参（Panax quinquefolium）适生区温度特征,于2012年5月-2014年4月分2期在陕西省留坝县留侯镇枣木栏村（海拔1236m）和闸口石村（海拔1722m）的4个西洋参棚内测定地上15cm高处（2a生幼苗冠层附近）的气温和地下10cm深处（参根附近）的土温,并将有效观测日温度数据分为数组：平均气温（AMT）、最低气温（AMIN）、最高气温（AMAX）、气温日较差（RAT）、平均土温（SMT）、最低土温（SMIN）、最高土温（SMAX）和土温日较差（RST）。分别以这8组温度为依变量（Y）,以观测日傅里叶变换值为自变量（X）,开展逐步回归分析,组建了16个多元方程。结果表明：依变量AMT、AMIN、SMT、SMIN和SMAX对入选X的拟合效果优良,R=0.933~0.985（P〈0.001）;所得周期性温度曲线低谷和高峰大都出现于1月和7月。由AMT回归方程估算的年均值、低谷值、高峰值和≥10℃、≥6℃积温分别为：枣木栏,11.2、-0.9、21.1℃和1475、2403℃·d;闸口石,8.3、-3.5、18.7℃和957、1736℃·d。由SMT方程估算的对应值为：枣木栏,11.2、0.1、20.3℃和1338、2292℃·d;闸口石,8.8、-1.7、17.8℃和872、1710℃·d。冬季日最低气温均值及其下限为：枣木栏,-5.6,-10.3℃;闸口石,-8.8,-14.5℃。夏季日最高气温均值及其上限为：枣木栏,27.6,37.8℃;闸口石,25.3,34.3℃。冬季日最低土温均值及其下限为：枣木栏,0.1,-2.1℃;闸口石,-2.2,-4.4℃。夏季日最高土温均值及其上限为：枣木栏,21.3,24.8℃;闸口石,18.9,22.1℃。本研究组建了与当地参棚内温度变化趋势相配的回归模型,确定了许多温度特征值,有利于指导西洋参种植实践并为其它涉及田间温度的科学研究和应用提供参数。

In order to determine and reveal temperature properties in areas adapted for American ginseng（Panax quinquefolium） growth, the authors measured both air temperatures at 15 cm height aboveground, where canopies of two-year-old seedlings were distributed, and soil temperatures at 10 cm depth underground, where roots of the plant extended, within 4 plastic greenhouses of the plant located in Zaomulan（alt. 1236m） and Zhakoushi（alt. 1722m） villages, Liuhou Township, Liuba County, Shaanxi Province, China, both from May to October 2012 and from March 2013 to April 2014. The valid observational dates were categorized into a data set, and all the valid daily temperatures into 8 data sets such as air mean（AMT）, air minimum（AMIN）, air maximum（AMAX）, range of air temperature（RAT）, soil mean（SMT）, soil minimum（SMIN）, soil maximum（SMAX）, and range of soil temperature（RST）, which were each designated as a dependent variable（Y）. Ordinal dates were coded from observational ones and then calculated into sine and cosine values of their 1- to 4-fold radian angles by Fourier＇s transform, with each of the 8 sets designated as an independent variable（X）. Each Y was regressed against the 8 sets of X through stepwise regression analysis, and a total of 16 polynomial regression equations were established. The simulation effect of AMT, AMIN, SMT, SMIN and SMAX against Xs retained was excellent, with their compound correlation coefficients high, R= 0.933- 0.985（P〈0.001）; and valleys and peaks of the periodic temperature curves obtained appeared mostly in January and July. Estimated by AMT equations, values of annual mean temperature（℃）, valley（℃）, peak（℃）, accumulated temperatures above 10 and 6℃（℃·d） in the greenhouses were respectively： Zaomulan, 11.2,-0.9, 21.1, 1475, 2403; Zhakoushi, 8.3,-3.5, 18.7, 957, 1736. Corresponding values estimated by SMT equations were： Zaomulan, 11.2, 0.1, 20.3, 1338, 2292; Zhakoushi, 8.8,-1.7, 17.8, 872, 1710. Average low of daily air temperature and the lower limit of daily minimum in winter were： Zaomulan,-5.6,-10.3; Zhakoushi,-8.8,-14.5. Average high of daily air temperature and the upper limit of daily maximum in summer were： Zaomulan, 27.6, 37.8; Zhakoushi, 25.3, 34.3. Average low of daily soil temperature and the lower limit of daily minimum in winter were： Zaomulan, 0.1,-2.1; Zhakoushi,-2.2,-4.4. Average high of daily soil temperature and the upper limit of daily maximum in summer were： Zaomulan, 21.3, 24.8; Zhakoushi, 18.9, 22.1. The study establishes regression models that match periodically changing trends of annual temperatures inside local plastic greenhouses for the plant, and reveals many temperature eigenvalues, which will benefit practices directing plantations of American ginseng, and provide other scientific studies and applications dealing with field temperatures with parameters.