卵巢癌纳米靶向药物治疗的研究进展

Research Progress in Drug Delivery Nanoparticles for Ovarian Cancer Treatment

卵巢癌发病隐匿,极易发生侵袭和转移,发现时多处于疾病的晚期,是病死率较高的妇科恶性肿瘤。部分患者难以耐受术后化疗药物的不良反应,术后化疗效果较不理想。另外,卵巢癌易发生化疗药物耐药,复发转移率高。这些问题推动了卵巢癌纳米靶向药物的研究。国内外学者根据实体瘤的高通透性和滞留效应这一原理,制备载药纳米粒,靶向肿瘤,完成药物释放。体内外试验发现其抗肿瘤药效增强,药物不良反应减少。通过研究各类纳米材料,联合基因、免疫疗法,纳米靶向药物的种类趋于多样化。同时,具有诊疗功能的纳米靶向药物也在开发中。就纳米靶向技术在卵巢癌治疗中的研究进展进行综述,包括被动靶向、主动靶向、磁靶向、基因靶向、免疫靶向和超声靶向。

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecological malignancies. Signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer are frequently absent in early stages. It is easily to invade or spread to other parts of the body. So, it is difficult to diagnose until it spreads and advances to later stages. Some patients cannot tolerate the adverse chemotherapy reaction, so the effect of chemotherapy is hardly satisfactory. Moreover, drug resistance is common and recurrent rate of ovarian cancer is high. These challenges lead to the development of drug delivery nanoparticles for ovarian cancer treatment. Based on enhanced permeability and retention effect, domestic and foreign scholars prepare drug delivery nanoparticles and targeted tumor to complete drug release. It helps to enhance efficacy and reduce side effects in vivo and in vitro research. Various drug delivery nanoparticles are developed by different nanomaterials and some combine with gene, immune therapy. Nano-sized carriers can also be functionalized to both diagnose and treat cancer. This review focuses on different types of targeted nanotherapy for ovarian cancer treatment, including passive targeting, active targeting, magnetic targeting, gene targeting, immune targeting and ultrasound targeting.