“释古”何为？论中国革命之经、史与道——以北方解放区土改运动为经验基础

The Orthodox Narrative,Historical Narrative and Path of Chinese Revolution

近二十年来,革命史研究的一大令人瞩目之处乃是"疑古"之风大兴。在此学术风潮下,中国革命之正统历史叙事遭遇有力的质疑、无情的证伪乃至根本的颠覆。结果,中国革命的"经"、"史"之间渐呈现严重的断裂状态。这场疑古运动不是单纯由学术求真精神主导,而往往是受政治求变意志驱动。政治意志诉诸学术武器,致"疑古"易从怨古发端而一路走向非古乃至灭古之陷阱。有鉴于此,本文在北方解放区土改运动之经验基础上以"土地问题"为具例展开学术论辩,以探索超越"经"、"史"对立的诠释途径,并就革命史学的未来提出看法,期对目前的疑古热潮有所矫正。探寻中国革命之"道",需要我们扬弃政治意志驱使下的非古冲动,而将之转化为更具学术理性的"释古"努力。经过"疑古"风潮之后,中国革命学将进入新的"释古"时代。

A strong trend of'doubting history'(yigu,a term borrowed from Feng Yulan)has emerged in the study of Chinese communist revolution in the recent two decades. Driven by the thirst for political change,the doubters of the revolutionary history try to use their academic weaponry to challenge,ridicule,or even completely reverse the orthodox narratives of the revolution. This skeptical trend is not simply motivated by academic pursuit of the truth,but has a political agenda behind it. In consequence,there appears an increasing discrepancy between the orthodox narratives(jing)and the historical narratives(shi)of Chinese revolution. This paper,based on a review of the'land issue',calls for an alternative mode of interpretation in order to overcome the jing-shi contradiction and further understand the path(dao)of Chinese revolution. To reconstruct the history of the communist revolution in China,it is necessary to move beyond the paradigm of'doubting history'toward one of'interpreting history'(shigu). After the high tide of yigu,the historiography of Chinese revolution will enter the new age of shigu.