拾得遗失物的无因管理报酬请求权

Right of Claiming Payment for Taking Care of the Lost and Found Objects

通过比较拾得遗失物和无因管理的关系,发现拾得遗失物是无因管理中的一种,两者在本质上是相同的,都是一种劳务行为,都是因为无法定或约定的义务而向本人提供的一种服务行为,根据民法的对价有偿原则和利益平衡原理,拾得遗失物这种无因管理的行为应赋予报酬请求权。对此,境外立法持肯定态度,如美国、英国、日本及中国台湾地区都赋予了拾得人请求支付报酬的权利,而中国大陆地区对此却持否定的态度,主要是受道德法律化思想的影响,没有认识到无因管理的本质。

By comparing the relation between the lost and found objects and volunteer service,it is argued that the former is one type of the latter. They are the same in nature as a labor service with no legal obligation. According to the principle of compensation and interest balance in the civil law,there should be right for claiming payment. There are positive cases abroad for example in the U. S. A,Japan,and China Taiwan. The negative attitude to this in China mainland is mainly affected by moral rather than consider the nature of volunteer service.