“要多X有多X”构式试析

An Analysis of the Construction“Yao duo X you duo X ”

"要多X有多X"构式是现代汉语口语的常用表达式,主要用于评价某一性状的程度达到了极限。该构式中"要"是助动词,且其意义发生淡化,意为"设想";"有"表性质、数量达到某种程度,用于比拟;"多"为增强"X"程度的程度副词。"X"的语义特征为[+程度差异]、[+口语化]。该构式的演变过程为:要NP,(就)有NP→要什么有什么→要多X有多X,演变的动因是隐喻,演变的机制是类推。

＂Yaoduo X youduo X＂is the common construction in modern spoken Chinese. And it＇s often used to evaluate the limit of the properties in degree. ＂Yao＂ which means imagine in this construction is the auxiliary, and its meaning is fading. ＂You＂ expresses the degree of the property and the quantity is used for comparison. ＂Duo＂, the adverb of degree, is used to enhance the limit of ＂X＂. The semantic features of ＂X＂ are [differences in degree] and [spoken]. The developing process of this construction is： ＂Yao NP,（jiu）you NP＂ →＂Yao shenme you shenme＂→＂Yaoduo X youduo X＂. The motivation is metaphor, and the mechanism is analogy.