曾侯墓的葬车及相关问题

On the Burial Vehicles in the Tombs of Zeng State's Marquises of and Related Issues

本文梳理已知曾侯墓葬中的车马殉葬与随葬情况,探讨了两周时期曾侯车马葬仪变迁过程及其与同时期诸侯的异同。综合殉车、殉马及随葬车马器种类、对应的车马数量与埋藏方式,随葬车马器摆放位置等方面信息可知,曾国车马葬仪由基本遵循周文化车马葬仪,逐步走向偏受楚文化影响。这一过程可视作周系车马葬仪在南方地区的传播到逐步崩坏过程的缩影。田野材料说明,墓室殉车始终不为曾侯墓葬仪所重,殉马及随葬车马器的多少时代差别大,与曾国的国力、政治地位以及南方地区的交通条件有密切关系,而并非严守某种制度。曾侯夫人的车马葬仪较曾侯低出许多,但较楚国女性贵族为高。

This paper discusses the funerary variation of the horses and chariots buried in tombs to understand the changes in trend between the Western and Eastern Zhou dynasty as well as between the states. Here the study focused on Zeng＇ s marquises tombs dated to the Zhou Dynasty, and analyzes stylistic variations between the Zeng and other states during the same period. By understanding their categories, quantities, burial methods, and locations, the author believes that the funeral ritual had changed from following the Zhou cultural trends to a gradual shift in preference towards the Chu cultural styles. This change may reflect the collapse of funeral rituals of Zhou System in southern China. Moreover, archaeological data indicated that the burial of horses and chariots in tomb-chambers were not preferred by the Zeng＇ s marquises. The quantity of buried vehicles and horses were closely related to the state＇ s power, political status, and mode of transportation in southern China, instead of being determined by one specific system.