“五音”配置与齐、楚月令源流

Combinations of the Five Tones and the Origin of Monthly Commands of Qi and Chu States

传世文献与出土简帛揭示出三种不同的"五音"配置。差异的存在,缘于对不同乐律理论的采择,也代表了上古时期"楚月令"与"齐月令"两支主要的月令源流。楚、齐月令的宇宙论均渊源于式图,但在发展过程中,楚月令似更侧重于"成岁"理论的阐述,而齐月令则朝着"王官月令"的方向发展。最终,《吕纪》的"五音"配置成为秦汉以来的主流知识,并与儒家"五常"相结合;以《吕纪》为代表的"齐月令"也获得了秦汉"王官月令"的地位,并在汉代政治文化及儒家礼制的建立过程中发挥影响。

According to the historical record as well as the bamboo and silk sources, three various combinations of the Five Tones were uncovered. These combinations within the music theory may suggest the origins of the Monthly Commands of Qi and Chu States. Both of the Monthly Commands originated from the Shi Tu （or the Astronomical Figure）, while but the Monthly Commands of Chu focused on structuring the legends of time, while the Qi＇ s Monthly Command focused on the ruler and the officials of a state. Then the Qi＇ s Monthly Command was combined with the Five Constant Virtues, and the Five Tones recorded in Lv Ji became the preferred version of both the Qin and Han dynasties. This result suggested that the Qi＇ s Monthly Command had further influenced the social culture and the establishment of the Confucian rituals in the Han Dynasty.