从仲长统到谢灵运:六朝园林审美意识的嬗变

From Zhong Chongtong to Xie Ling yun:the Evolution of aesthetic Consciousness of Gardens in the Six Dynasties

六朝时期,园林审美意识兴起并大获发展。仲长统以老庄思想为依归,在园林中寻求个体的独立和生命的超越,奠定了六朝园林美学的理论基础。石崇的金谷园一方面极力地彰显对于物欲的占有,另一方面同样体现出超越意识和审美精神。东晋南朝时期,自然美的观念深入人心,园林的营构更为自觉地以亲近自然、有若自然为旨归,园林的文化功能更多地被视为是审美性的,谢灵运的山居园可为代表。这种园林审美意识一经确立,遂成为后世园林美学的范式。

The aesthetic consciousness of gardens has risen and got great progress in the Six Dynasties. Garden designed by Zhong Changtong followed Laozi and Zhuangzi' thought was to seekindependence of unit and transcendence of life that established aesthetic consciousness of gardens in the Six Dynasties. Shi Chong's Jingu Garden respected his strong material desire. What's more, it also embodied the the spirit of transcendence and aesthetics. The idea of natural beauty was largely accepted in the East- Jin and Southern Dynasties. At that time, the goal of garden construction was similar to the nature. The Cultural function of garden was almost regarded as aesthetic. Xie Lingyun's Shanju Garden was the typical one. This aesthetic consciousness of gardens became the paradigm of Chinese aesthetics of garden.